Stats by Source
Total, split by cell line (COSMIC CL / DepMap / PubMed) vs tissue (COSMIC primary tissue)
Total = all mutations for this gene across every source.
Cell line = COSMIC Cell Lines Project + DepMap + PubMed.
Tissue = COSMIC primary-tissue (patient tumour) samples.
Total can exceed cell line + tissue: COSMIC tissue-derived models sit only in global, and a peptide can be shared across both.
| Total | Cell line | Tissue | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mutations | 301 | 36 | 265 |
| Samples | 170 | 25 | 145 |
| Peptides | 129 | 20 | 113 |
Function
CTSS · Cathepsin S
The preproprotein encoded by this gene, a member of the peptidase C1 family, is a lysosomal cysteine proteinase that participates in the degradation of antigenic proteins to peptides for presentation on MHC class II molecules. The mature protein cleaves the invariant chain of MHC class II molecules in endolysosomal compartments and enables the formation of antigen-MHC class II complexes and the proper display of extracellular antigenic peptides by MHC-II. The mature protein also functions as an elastase over a broad pH range. When secreted from cells, this protein can remodel components of the extracellular matrix such as elastin, collagen, and fibronectin. This gene is implicated in the pathology of many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and, given its elastase activity, plays a significant role in some pulmonary diseases. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2020].
Isoforms & Proteins
3 transcripts · UniProt mapping is sequence-verified (AA-safe)
Each Ensembl transcript (ENST) this gene is mutated on, with its matched UniProt accession.
The mapping is sequence-verified: the UniProt sequence is identical to the transcript translation, so amino-acid positions line up exactly. A * marks an unreviewed (TrEMBL) entry.
Counts are mutations and unique mutant peptides on each transcript.
| Transcript | UniProt | Mutations | Peptides |
|---|---|---|---|
| ENST00000368985 | P25774 | 181 | 120 |
| ENST00000680288 | P25774-2 | 76 | 51 |
| ENST00000448301 | A0A804DAZ0* | 44 | 34 |
Gene Properties
Recurrent Mutations
All 120 amino-acid changes on canonical ENST00000368985 · needle height = samples · drag the mini-map to zoom
A lollipop / needle plot – the standard way to show recurrent mutations along a protein (as used by cBioPortal and MutationMapper).
X-axis = amino-acid position in the protein.
Needle height & head size = how often that exact amino-acid change was observed (its recurrence). Tall/large heads are mutational hotspots.
The most recurrent changes are labelled; hover any needle for the change, position and counts.
Mutation frequency across cancer types
% of samples with a missense/complex mutation in CTSS · cell line vs tissue
For each cancer type, the fraction of samples that carry at least one missense/complex mutation anywhere in CTSS – counted as distinct samples (a sample counts once no matter how many mutations it has).
Split into cell line and tissue; each cell shows mutated / total and the percentage. Cohorts with <20 samples are omitted. Ordered by combined frequency.
| Cancer type | Cell lines | Tissue samples |
|---|---|---|
| Hodgkins Lymphoma | 2/16 12% | 1/122 1% |
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia | 1/90 1% | 0/0 0% |
| Melanoma | 3/210 1% | 19/1899 1% |
| Glioblastoma | 1/98 1% | 0/0 0% |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma | 0/33 0% | 2/171 1% |
| Endometrial Carcinoma | 0/42 0% | 6/612 1% |
| Cervical Carcinoma | 0/35 0% | 4/422 1% |
| Adrenocortical Carcinoma | 0/3 0% | 1/112 1% |
| Other Solid Cancers | 0/94 0% | 14/1515 1% |
| Bladder Carcinoma | 2/58 3% | 5/956 1% |
| Neuroendocrine Tumour | 5/154 3% | 0/577 0% |
| Gastric Carcinoma | 2/74 3% | 10/1809 1% |
| Colorectal Carcinoma | 3/143 2% | 17/3239 1% |
| Small Cell Lung Carcinoma | 0/9 0% | 4/752 1% |
| Germ Cell Tumour | 0/25 0% | 1/169 1% |
| Head and Neck Carcinoma | 0/85 0% | 6/1574 0% |
| Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 0/51 0% | 9/2550 0% |
| Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma | 2/304 1% | 3/1390 0% |
| Other Blood Cancers | 1/61 2% | 7/2725 0% |
| Glioma | 0/52 0% | 6/2127 0% |
| Ovarian Carcinoma | 0/109 0% | 3/998 0% |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma | 0/46 0% | 6/2210 0% |
| Breast Carcinoma | 2/144 1% | 6/3264 0% |
| Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma | 0/57 0% | 2/810 0% |
| Medulloblastoma | 0/0 0% | 1/450 0% |
| Kidney Carcinoma | 1/85 1% | 3/1862 0% |
| Pancreatic Carcinoma | 0/89 0% | 3/1611 0% |
| B-Cell Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma | 0/88 0% | 3/2534 0% |
| Biliary Tract Carcinoma | 0/54 0% | 1/950 0% |
| Prostate Carcinoma | 0/13 0% | 2/2105 0% |
Mutation Distribution
Where CTSS is mutated · all tissues, split by cell line vs tissue
How many mutations in CTSS were found in each tissue, across the whole database.
Each bar is a tissue (cell-line and tissue names are merged to the standard tissue), split into cell line and tissue (patient tumour) contributions.
This shows the cancer-context where this gene is recurrently altered.
GTEx Expression
Median TPM across 54 healthy tissues
Median gene expression (TPM) in normal, non-cancer human tissues from the GTEx project.
Useful for judging tumour specificity – a strong neoantigen target ideally comes from a gene with low expression in healthy tissues.
Scroll or drag the mini-axis below the chart to browse all tissues.
Mutations
All 301 mutations in CTSS
Every mutation record for this gene, across all samples and sources.
The Sample column links to the cell line (cell-line samples) or the tissue type (tissue samples).
Use the Type / Source filters, the search box, and column sorting to explore; each CAN-IMMUNE ID opens the full mutation & peptide view.
| ID | Sample | Transcript | AA Change | CDS | Type | Source | Mutant Peptide | Wild-type Peptide |
|---|