Stats by Source
Total, split by cell line (COSMIC CL / DepMap / PubMed) vs tissue (COSMIC primary tissue)
Total = all mutations for this gene across every source.
Cell line = COSMIC Cell Lines Project + DepMap + PubMed.
Tissue = COSMIC primary-tissue (patient tumour) samples.
Total can exceed cell line + tissue: COSMIC tissue-derived models sit only in global, and a peptide can be shared across both.
| Total | Cell line | Tissue | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mutations | 78 | 16 | 62 |
| Samples | 75 | 13 | 62 |
| Peptides | 52 | 10 | 44 |
Function
GAL · Galanin and GMAP prepropeptide
This gene encodes a neuroendocrine peptide that is widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and also the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, adrenal gland and urogenital tract. The encoded protein is a precursor that is proteolytically processed to generate two mature peptides: galanin and galanin message-associated peptide (GMAP). Galanin has diverse physiological functions including nociception, feeding and energy homeostasis, osmotic regulation and water balance. GMAP has been demonstrated to possess antifungal activity and hypothesized to be part of the innate immune system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015].
Isoforms & Proteins
1 transcript · UniProt mapping is sequence-verified (AA-safe)
Each Ensembl transcript (ENST) this gene is mutated on, with its matched UniProt accession.
The mapping is sequence-verified: the UniProt sequence is identical to the transcript translation, so amino-acid positions line up exactly. A * marks an unreviewed (TrEMBL) entry.
Counts are mutations and unique mutant peptides on each transcript.
| Transcript | UniProt | Mutations | Peptides |
|---|---|---|---|
| ENST00000265643 | P22466 | 78 | 52 |
Gene Properties
Recurrent Mutations
All 52 amino-acid changes on canonical ENST00000265643 · needle height = samples · drag the mini-map to zoom
A lollipop / needle plot – the standard way to show recurrent mutations along a protein (as used by cBioPortal and MutationMapper).
X-axis = amino-acid position in the protein.
Needle height & head size = how often that exact amino-acid change was observed (its recurrence). Tall/large heads are mutational hotspots.
The most recurrent changes are labelled; hover any needle for the change, position and counts.
Mutation frequency across cancer types
% of samples with a missense/complex mutation in GAL · cell line vs tissue
For each cancer type, the fraction of samples that carry at least one missense/complex mutation anywhere in GAL – counted as distinct samples (a sample counts once no matter how many mutations it has).
Split into cell line and tissue; each cell shows mutated / total and the percentage. Cohorts with <20 samples are omitted. Ordered by combined frequency.
| Cancer type | Cell lines | Tissue samples |
|---|---|---|
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia | 1/90 1% | 0/0 0% |
| Glioblastoma | 1/98 1% | 0/0 0% |
| Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour | 0/0 0% | 1/133 1% |
| Cervical Carcinoma | 0/35 0% | 3/422 1% |
| Bladder Carcinoma | 0/58 0% | 5/956 1% |
| Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma | 5/304 2% | 3/1390 0% |
| Neuroendocrine Tumour | 2/154 1% | 1/577 0% |
| Colorectal Carcinoma | 0/143 0% | 12/3239 0% |
| Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma | 0/57 0% | 3/810 0% |
| Melanoma | 1/210 0% | 6/1899 0% |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma | 0/46 0% | 7/2210 0% |
| Other Solid Cancers | 0/94 0% | 5/1515 0% |
| Small Cell Lung Carcinoma | 0/9 0% | 2/752 0% |
| Medulloblastoma | 0/0 0% | 1/450 0% |
| Head and Neck Carcinoma | 0/85 0% | 3/1574 0% |
| Endometrial Carcinoma | 0/42 0% | 1/612 0% |
| Thyroid Gland Carcinoma | 0/45 0% | 2/1592 0% |
| Gastric Carcinoma | 0/74 0% | 2/1809 0% |
| Ovarian Carcinoma | 1/109 1% | 0/998 0% |
| Pancreatic Carcinoma | 1/89 1% | 0/1611 0% |
| Prostate Carcinoma | 0/13 0% | 1/2105 0% |
| Glioma | 0/52 0% | 1/2127 0% |
| B-Cell Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma | 0/88 0% | 1/2534 0% |
| Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 0/51 0% | 1/2550 0% |
| B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia | 1/55 2% | 0/2640 0% |
| Breast Carcinoma | 0/144 0% | 1/3264 0% |
Mutation Distribution
Where GAL is mutated · all tissues, split by cell line vs tissue
How many mutations in GAL were found in each tissue, across the whole database.
Each bar is a tissue (cell-line and tissue names are merged to the standard tissue), split into cell line and tissue (patient tumour) contributions.
This shows the cancer-context where this gene is recurrently altered.
GTEx Expression
Median TPM across 54 healthy tissues
Median gene expression (TPM) in normal, non-cancer human tissues from the GTEx project.
Useful for judging tumour specificity – a strong neoantigen target ideally comes from a gene with low expression in healthy tissues.
Scroll or drag the mini-axis below the chart to browse all tissues.
Mutations
All 78 mutations in GAL
Every mutation record for this gene, across all samples and sources.
The Sample column links to the cell line (cell-line samples) or the tissue type (tissue samples).
Use the Type / Source filters, the search box, and column sorting to explore; each CAN-IMMUNE ID opens the full mutation & peptide view.
| ID | Sample | Transcript | AA Change | CDS | Type | Source | Mutant Peptide | Wild-type Peptide |
|---|