Stats by Source
Total, split by cell line (COSMIC CL / DepMap / PubMed) vs tissue (COSMIC primary tissue)
Total = all mutations for this gene across every source.
Cell line = COSMIC Cell Lines Project + DepMap + PubMed.
Tissue = COSMIC primary-tissue (patient tumour) samples.
Total can exceed cell line + tissue: COSMIC tissue-derived models sit only in global, and a peptide can be shared across both.
| Total | Cell line | Tissue | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mutations | 2,128 | 136 | 1,967 |
| Samples | 456 | 52 | 399 |
| Peptides | 90 | 21 | 82 |
Function
HRAS · HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase
This gene belongs to the Ras oncogene family, whose members are related to the transforming genes of mammalian sarcoma retroviruses. The products encoded by these genes function in signal transduction pathways. These proteins can bind GTP and GDP, and they have intrinsic GTPase activity. This protein undergoes a continuous cycle of de- and re-palmitoylation, which regulates its rapid exchange between the plasma membrane and the Golgi apparatus. Mutations in this gene cause Costello syndrome, a disease characterized by increased growth at the prenatal stage, growth deficiency at the postnatal stage, predisposition to tumor formation, cognitive disability, skin and musculoskeletal abnormalities, distinctive facial appearance and cardiovascular abnormalities. Defects in this gene are implicated in a variety of cancers, including bladder cancer, follicular thyroid cancer, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Multiple transcript variants, which encode different isoforms, have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
Isoforms & Proteins
5 transcripts · UniProt mapping is sequence-verified (AA-safe)
Each Ensembl transcript (ENST) this gene is mutated on, with its matched UniProt accession.
The mapping is sequence-verified: the UniProt sequence is identical to the transcript translation, so amino-acid positions line up exactly. A * marks an unreviewed (TrEMBL) entry.
Counts are mutations and unique mutant peptides on each transcript.
Gene Properties
Recurrent Mutations
All 76 amino-acid changes on canonical ENST00000311189 · needle height = samples · drag the mini-map to zoom
A lollipop / needle plot – the standard way to show recurrent mutations along a protein (as used by cBioPortal and MutationMapper).
X-axis = amino-acid position in the protein.
Needle height & head size = how often that exact amino-acid change was observed (its recurrence). Tall/large heads are mutational hotspots.
The most recurrent changes are labelled; hover any needle for the change, position and counts.
Mutation frequency across cancer types
% of samples with a missense/complex mutation in HRAS · cell line vs tissue
For each cancer type, the fraction of samples that carry at least one missense/complex mutation anywhere in HRAS – counted as distinct samples (a sample counts once no matter how many mutations it has).
Split into cell line and tissue; each cell shows mutated / total and the percentage. Cohorts with <20 samples are omitted. Ordered by combined frequency.
| Cancer type | Cell lines | Tissue samples |
|---|---|---|
| T-Lymphoblastic Leukemia | 5/40 12% | 0/0 0% |
| Thymic Epithelial Tumor | 0/0 0% | 4/39 10% |
| Bladder Carcinoma | 2/58 3% | 60/956 6% |
| Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma | 0/0 0% | 4/71 6% |
| Oral Cavity Carcinoma | 3/54 6% | 0/0 0% |
| Head and Neck Carcinoma | 3/85 4% | 88/1574 6% |
| Acute Monocytic Leukemia | 0/1 0% | 1/25 4% |
| Thyroid Gland Carcinoma | 0/45 0% | 62/1592 4% |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma | 2/33 6% | 4/171 2% |
| Other Solid Cancers | 4/94 4% | 24/1515 2% |
| Melanoma | 3/210 1% | 29/1899 2% |
| Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma | 2/57 4% | 11/810 1% |
| Endometrial Carcinoma | 5/42 12% | 4/612 1% |
| Non-Cancerous | 2/104 2% | 9/830 1% |
| Breast Carcinoma | 9/144 6% | 21/3264 1% |
| Other Sarcomas | 2/69 3% | 4/699 1% |
| Cervical Carcinoma | 0/35 0% | 3/422 1% |
| Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma | 3/304 1% | 7/1390 0% |
| Gastric Carcinoma | 0/74 0% | 11/1809 1% |
| Prostate Carcinoma | 0/13 0% | 12/2105 1% |
| Colorectal Carcinoma | 2/143 1% | 16/3239 0% |
| Germ Cell Tumour | 0/25 0% | 1/169 1% |
| Biliary Tract Carcinoma | 0/54 0% | 4/950 0% |
| Small Cell Lung Carcinoma | 0/9 0% | 3/752 0% |
| Neuroblastoma | 0/87 0% | 5/1331 0% |
| Ewings Sarcoma | 1/63 2% | 0/262 0% |
| Neuroendocrine Tumour | 0/154 0% | 2/577 0% |
| Kidney Carcinoma | 1/85 1% | 4/1862 0% |
| Esophageal Carcinoma | 0/23 0% | 2/769 0% |
| Glioma | 0/52 0% | 4/2127 0% |
Mutation Distribution
Where HRAS is mutated · all tissues, split by cell line vs tissue
How many mutations in HRAS were found in each tissue, across the whole database.
Each bar is a tissue (cell-line and tissue names are merged to the standard tissue), split into cell line and tissue (patient tumour) contributions.
This shows the cancer-context where this gene is recurrently altered.
GTEx Expression
Median TPM across 54 healthy tissues
Median gene expression (TPM) in normal, non-cancer human tissues from the GTEx project.
Useful for judging tumour specificity – a strong neoantigen target ideally comes from a gene with low expression in healthy tissues.
Scroll or drag the mini-axis below the chart to browse all tissues.
Mutations
All 2,128 mutations in HRAS
Every mutation record for this gene, across all samples and sources.
The Sample column links to the cell line (cell-line samples) or the tissue type (tissue samples).
Use the Type / Source filters, the search box, and column sorting to explore; each CAN-IMMUNE ID opens the full mutation & peptide view.
| ID | Sample | Transcript | AA Change | CDS | Type | Source | Mutant Peptide | Wild-type Peptide |
|---|