Stats by Source
Total, split by cell line (COSMIC CL / DepMap / PubMed) vs tissue (COSMIC primary tissue)
Total = all mutations for this gene across every source.
Cell line = COSMIC Cell Lines Project + DepMap + PubMed.
Tissue = COSMIC primary-tissue (patient tumour) samples.
Total can exceed cell line + tissue: COSMIC tissue-derived models sit only in global, and a peptide can be shared across both.
| Total | Cell line | Tissue | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mutations | 193 | 26 | 167 |
| Samples | 54 | 12 | 42 |
| Peptides | 50 | 9 | 42 |
Function
INS · Insulin
This gene encodes insulin, a peptide hormone that plays a vital role in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. After removal of the precursor signal peptide, proinsulin is post-translationally cleaved into three peptides: the B chain and A chain peptides, which are covalently linked via two disulfide bonds to form insulin, and C-peptide. Binding of insulin to the insulin receptor (INSR) stimulates glucose uptake. A multitude of mutant alleles with phenotypic effects have been identified, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal diabetes diabetes mellitus, maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 10 and hyperproinsulinemia. There is a read-through gene, INS-IGF2, which overlaps with this gene at the 5' region and with the IGF2 gene at the 3' region. [provided by RefSeq, May 2020].
Isoforms & Proteins
4 transcripts · UniProt mapping is sequence-verified (AA-safe)
Each Ensembl transcript (ENST) this gene is mutated on, with its matched UniProt accession.
The mapping is sequence-verified: the UniProt sequence is identical to the transcript translation, so amino-acid positions line up exactly. A * marks an unreviewed (TrEMBL) entry.
Counts are mutations and unique mutant peptides on each transcript.
Gene Properties
Recurrent Mutations
All 43 amino-acid changes on canonical ENST00000381330 · needle height = samples · drag the mini-map to zoom
A lollipop / needle plot – the standard way to show recurrent mutations along a protein (as used by cBioPortal and MutationMapper).
X-axis = amino-acid position in the protein.
Needle height & head size = how often that exact amino-acid change was observed (its recurrence). Tall/large heads are mutational hotspots.
The most recurrent changes are labelled; hover any needle for the change, position and counts.
Mutation frequency across cancer types
% of samples with a missense/complex mutation in INS · cell line vs tissue
For each cancer type, the fraction of samples that carry at least one missense/complex mutation anywhere in INS – counted as distinct samples (a sample counts once no matter how many mutations it has).
Split into cell line and tissue; each cell shows mutated / total and the percentage. Cohorts with <20 samples are omitted. Ordered by combined frequency.
| Cancer type | Cell lines | Tissue samples |
|---|---|---|
| Oral Cavity Carcinoma | 2/54 4% | 0/0 0% |
| Endometrial Carcinoma | 2/42 5% | 3/612 0% |
| Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma | 1/304 0% | 9/1390 1% |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma | 0/46 0% | 6/2210 0% |
| Small Cell Lung Carcinoma | 0/9 0% | 2/752 0% |
| Melanoma | 0/210 0% | 5/1899 0% |
| Bladder Carcinoma | 1/58 2% | 1/956 0% |
| Colorectal Carcinoma | 4/143 3% | 2/3239 0% |
| Other Sarcomas | 0/69 0% | 1/699 0% |
| Thyroid Gland Carcinoma | 0/45 0% | 2/1592 0% |
| Other Solid Cancers | 0/94 0% | 2/1515 0% |
| Gastric Carcinoma | 0/74 0% | 2/1809 0% |
| Biliary Tract Carcinoma | 0/54 0% | 1/950 0% |
| Neuroblastoma | 0/87 0% | 1/1331 0% |
| Breast Carcinoma | 0/144 0% | 2/3264 0% |
| Kidney Carcinoma | 0/85 0% | 1/1862 0% |
| Glioma | 0/52 0% | 1/2127 0% |
| Prostate Carcinoma | 0/13 0% | 1/2105 0% |
| B-Cell Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma | 1/88 1% | 0/2534 0% |
| Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 1/51 2% | 0/2550 0% |
Mutation Distribution
Where INS is mutated · all tissues, split by cell line vs tissue
How many mutations in INS were found in each tissue, across the whole database.
Each bar is a tissue (cell-line and tissue names are merged to the standard tissue), split into cell line and tissue (patient tumour) contributions.
This shows the cancer-context where this gene is recurrently altered.
GTEx Expression
Median TPM across 42 healthy tissues
Median gene expression (TPM) in normal, non-cancer human tissues from the GTEx project.
Useful for judging tumour specificity – a strong neoantigen target ideally comes from a gene with low expression in healthy tissues.
Scroll or drag the mini-axis below the chart to browse all tissues.
Mutations
All 193 mutations in INS
Every mutation record for this gene, across all samples and sources.
The Sample column links to the cell line (cell-line samples) or the tissue type (tissue samples).
Use the Type / Source filters, the search box, and column sorting to explore; each CAN-IMMUNE ID opens the full mutation & peptide view.
| ID | Sample | Transcript | AA Change | CDS | Type | Source | Mutant Peptide | Wild-type Peptide |
|---|