Stats by Source
Total, split by cell line (COSMIC CL / DepMap / PubMed) vs tissue (COSMIC primary tissue)
Total = all mutations for this gene across every source.
Cell line = COSMIC Cell Lines Project + DepMap + PubMed.
Tissue = COSMIC primary-tissue (patient tumour) samples.
Total can exceed cell line + tissue: COSMIC tissue-derived models sit only in global, and a peptide can be shared across both.
| Total | Cell line | Tissue | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mutations | 1,584 | 256 | 1,300 |
| Samples | 399 | 94 | 298 |
| Peptides | 285 | 55 | 236 |
Function
MLH1 · MutL homolog 1
The protein encoded by this gene can heterodimerize with mismatch repair endonuclease PMS2 to form MutL alpha, part of the DNA mismatch repair system. When MutL alpha is bound by MutS beta and some accessory proteins, the PMS2 subunit of MutL alpha introduces a single-strand break near DNA mismatches, providing an entry point for exonuclease degradation. The encoded protein is also involved in DNA damage signaling and can heterodimerize with DNA mismatch repair protein MLH3 to form MutL gamma, which is involved in meiosis. This gene was identified as a locus frequently mutated in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017].
Isoforms & Proteins
7 transcripts · UniProt mapping is sequence-verified (AA-safe)
Each Ensembl transcript (ENST) this gene is mutated on, with its matched UniProt accession.
The mapping is sequence-verified: the UniProt sequence is identical to the transcript translation, so amino-acid positions line up exactly. A * marks an unreviewed (TrEMBL) entry.
Counts are mutations and unique mutant peptides on each transcript.
Gene Properties
Recurrent Mutations
All 276 amino-acid changes on canonical ENST00000231790 · needle height = samples · drag the mini-map to zoom
A lollipop / needle plot – the standard way to show recurrent mutations along a protein (as used by cBioPortal and MutationMapper).
X-axis = amino-acid position in the protein.
Needle height & head size = how often that exact amino-acid change was observed (its recurrence). Tall/large heads are mutational hotspots.
The most recurrent changes are labelled; hover any needle for the change, position and counts.
Mutation frequency across cancer types
% of samples with a missense/complex mutation in MLH1 · cell line vs tissue
For each cancer type, the fraction of samples that carry at least one missense/complex mutation anywhere in MLH1 – counted as distinct samples (a sample counts once no matter how many mutations it has).
Split into cell line and tissue; each cell shows mutated / total and the percentage. Cohorts with <20 samples are omitted. Ordered by combined frequency.
| Cancer type | Cell lines | Tissue samples |
|---|---|---|
| Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia | 2/25 8% | 0/0 0% |
| Oral Cavity Carcinoma | 3/54 6% | 0/0 0% |
| Chordoma | 0/7 0% | 1/13 8% |
| Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour | 0/0 0% | 6/133 5% |
| Glioblastoma | 4/98 4% | 0/0 0% |
| Endometrial Carcinoma | 2/42 5% | 17/612 3% |
| T-Lymphoblastic Leukemia | 1/40 2% | 0/0 0% |
| Colorectal Carcinoma | 19/143 13% | 46/3239 1% |
| Melanoma | 6/210 3% | 34/1899 2% |
| Bladder Carcinoma | 2/58 3% | 17/956 2% |
| Retinoblastoma | 1/27 4% | 0/30 0% |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma | 0/33 0% | 3/171 2% |
| Osteosarcoma | 2/45 4% | 1/166 1% |
| Burkitts Lymphoma | 0/32 0% | 3/196 2% |
| Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma | 10/304 3% | 12/1390 1% |
| Non-Cancerous | 3/104 3% | 8/830 1% |
| Gastric Carcinoma | 3/74 4% | 18/1809 1% |
| Other Solid Cancers | 3/94 3% | 15/1515 1% |
| Cervical Carcinoma | 0/35 0% | 5/422 1% |
| Ewings Sarcoma | 2/63 3% | 1/262 0% |
| Plasma Cell Myeloma | 0/44 0% | 3/305 1% |
| Ovarian Carcinoma | 6/109 6% | 3/998 0% |
| Other Sarcomas | 2/69 3% | 4/699 1% |
| Head and Neck Carcinoma | 1/85 1% | 11/1574 1% |
| Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma | 1/57 2% | 5/810 1% |
| Neuroendocrine Tumour | 3/154 2% | 2/577 0% |
| Esophageal Carcinoma | 0/23 0% | 5/769 1% |
| Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 0/51 0% | 16/2550 1% |
| Breast Carcinoma | 6/144 4% | 14/3264 0% |
| Prostate Carcinoma | 5/13 38% | 7/2105 0% |
Mutation Distribution
Where MLH1 is mutated · all tissues, split by cell line vs tissue
How many mutations in MLH1 were found in each tissue, across the whole database.
Each bar is a tissue (cell-line and tissue names are merged to the standard tissue), split into cell line and tissue (patient tumour) contributions.
This shows the cancer-context where this gene is recurrently altered.
GTEx Expression
Median TPM across 54 healthy tissues
Median gene expression (TPM) in normal, non-cancer human tissues from the GTEx project.
Useful for judging tumour specificity – a strong neoantigen target ideally comes from a gene with low expression in healthy tissues.
Scroll or drag the mini-axis below the chart to browse all tissues.
Mutations
All 1,584 mutations in MLH1
Every mutation record for this gene, across all samples and sources.
The Sample column links to the cell line (cell-line samples) or the tissue type (tissue samples).
Use the Type / Source filters, the search box, and column sorting to explore; each CAN-IMMUNE ID opens the full mutation & peptide view.
| ID | Sample | Transcript | AA Change | CDS | Type | Source | Mutant Peptide | Wild-type Peptide |
|---|