Stats by Source
Total, split by cell line (COSMIC CL / DepMap / PubMed) vs tissue (COSMIC primary tissue)
Total = all mutations for this gene across every source.
Cell line = COSMIC Cell Lines Project + DepMap + PubMed.
Tissue = COSMIC primary-tissue (patient tumour) samples.
Total can exceed cell line + tissue: COSMIC tissue-derived models sit only in global, and a peptide can be shared across both.
| Total | Cell line | Tissue | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mutations | 1,841 | 221 | 1,592 |
| Samples | 820 | 125 | 682 |
| Peptides | 599 | 88 | 520 |
Function
RET · Ret proto-oncogene
This gene encodes a transmembrane receptor and member of the tyrosine protein kinase family of proteins. Binding of ligands such as GDNF (glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor) and other related proteins to the encoded receptor stimulates receptor dimerization and activation of downstream signaling pathways that play a role in cell differentiation, growth, migration and survival. The encoded receptor is important in development of the nervous system, and the development of organs and tissues derived from the neural crest. This proto-oncogene can undergo oncogenic activation through both cytogenetic rearrangement and activating point mutations. Mutations in this gene are associated with Hirschsprung disease and central hypoventilation syndrome and have been identified in patients with renal agenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2017].
Isoforms & Proteins
4 transcripts · UniProt mapping is sequence-verified (AA-safe)
Each Ensembl transcript (ENST) this gene is mutated on, with its matched UniProt accession.
The mapping is sequence-verified: the UniProt sequence is identical to the transcript translation, so amino-acid positions line up exactly. A * marks an unreviewed (TrEMBL) entry.
Counts are mutations and unique mutant peptides on each transcript.
| Transcript | UniProt | Mutations | Peptides |
|---|---|---|---|
| ENST00000355710 | P07949 | 885 | 576 |
| ENST00000340058 | P07949-2 | 772 | 522 |
| ENST00000615310 | A0A087WWB1* | 182 | 132 |
| ENST00000713926 | - | 2 | 2 |
Gene Properties
Recurrent Mutations
All 576 amino-acid changes on canonical ENST00000355710 · needle height = samples · drag the mini-map to zoom
A lollipop / needle plot – the standard way to show recurrent mutations along a protein (as used by cBioPortal and MutationMapper).
X-axis = amino-acid position in the protein.
Needle height & head size = how often that exact amino-acid change was observed (its recurrence). Tall/large heads are mutational hotspots.
The most recurrent changes are labelled; hover any needle for the change, position and counts.
Mutation frequency across cancer types
% of samples with a missense/complex mutation in RET · cell line vs tissue
For each cancer type, the fraction of samples that carry at least one missense/complex mutation anywhere in RET – counted as distinct samples (a sample counts once no matter how many mutations it has).
Split into cell line and tissue; each cell shows mutated / total and the percentage. Cohorts with <20 samples are omitted. Ordered by combined frequency.
| Cancer type | Cell lines | Tissue samples |
|---|---|---|
| T-Lymphoblastic Leukemia | 5/40 12% | 0/0 0% |
| Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour | 0/0 0% | 14/133 11% |
| Thyroid Gland Carcinoma | 3/45 7% | 88/1592 6% |
| Glioblastoma | 5/98 5% | 0/0 0% |
| Endometrial Carcinoma | 2/42 5% | 28/612 5% |
| Melanoma | 10/210 5% | 85/1899 4% |
| Colorectal Carcinoma | 18/143 13% | 98/3239 3% |
| Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma | 17/304 6% | 37/1390 3% |
| Small Cell Lung Carcinoma | 1/9 11% | 23/752 3% |
| Neuroendocrine Tumour | 11/154 7% | 11/577 2% |
| Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma | 0/0 0% | 2/71 3% |
| Gastric Carcinoma | 4/74 5% | 48/1809 3% |
| Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma | 3/57 5% | 20/810 2% |
| Thymic Epithelial Tumor | 0/0 0% | 1/39 3% |
| Ovarian Carcinoma | 5/109 5% | 17/998 2% |
| Adrenocortical Carcinoma | 0/3 0% | 2/112 2% |
| Other Solid Cancers | 5/94 5% | 22/1515 1% |
| Bladder Carcinoma | 3/58 5% | 14/956 1% |
| Germ Cell Tumour | 2/25 8% | 1/169 1% |
| Cervical Carcinoma | 1/35 3% | 6/422 1% |
| Burkitts Lymphoma | 2/32 6% | 1/196 1% |
| Head and Neck Carcinoma | 2/85 2% | 19/1574 1% |
| Esophageal Carcinoma | 0/23 0% | 10/769 1% |
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia | 1/90 1% | 0/0 0% |
| Other Sarcomas | 1/69 1% | 7/699 1% |
| Biliary Tract Carcinoma | 0/54 0% | 10/950 1% |
| Osteosarcoma | 2/45 4% | 0/166 0% |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma | 1/46 2% | 20/2210 1% |
| Ewings Sarcoma | 1/63 2% | 2/262 1% |
| Medulloblastoma | 0/0 0% | 4/450 1% |
Mutation Distribution
Where RET is mutated · all tissues, split by cell line vs tissue
How many mutations in RET were found in each tissue, across the whole database.
Each bar is a tissue (cell-line and tissue names are merged to the standard tissue), split into cell line and tissue (patient tumour) contributions.
This shows the cancer-context where this gene is recurrently altered.
GTEx Expression
Median TPM across 54 healthy tissues
Median gene expression (TPM) in normal, non-cancer human tissues from the GTEx project.
Useful for judging tumour specificity – a strong neoantigen target ideally comes from a gene with low expression in healthy tissues.
Scroll or drag the mini-axis below the chart to browse all tissues.
Mutations
All 1,841 mutations in RET
Every mutation record for this gene, across all samples and sources.
The Sample column links to the cell line (cell-line samples) or the tissue type (tissue samples).
Use the Type / Source filters, the search box, and column sorting to explore; each CAN-IMMUNE ID opens the full mutation & peptide view.
| ID | Sample | Transcript | AA Change | CDS | Type | Source | Mutant Peptide | Wild-type Peptide |
|---|