Stats by Source
Total, split by cell line (COSMIC CL / DepMap / PubMed) vs tissue (COSMIC primary tissue)
Total = all mutations for this gene across every source.
Cell line = COSMIC Cell Lines Project + DepMap + PubMed.
Tissue = COSMIC primary-tissue (patient tumour) samples.
Total can exceed cell line + tissue: COSMIC tissue-derived models sit only in global, and a peptide can be shared across both.
| Total | Cell line | Tissue | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mutations | 2,398 | 432 | 1,916 |
| Samples | 1,445 | 285 | 1,133 |
| Peptides | 1,221 | 237 | 1,001 |
Function
TRIO · Trio Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor
This gene encodes a large protein that functions as a GDP to GTP exchange factor. This protein promotes the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, thereby playing a role in cell migration and growth. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015].
Isoforms & Proteins
3 transcripts · UniProt mapping is sequence-verified (AA-safe)
Each Ensembl transcript (ENST) this gene is mutated on, with its matched UniProt accession.
The mapping is sequence-verified: the UniProt sequence is identical to the transcript translation, so amino-acid positions line up exactly. A * marks an unreviewed (TrEMBL) entry.
Counts are mutations and unique mutant peptides on each transcript.
| Transcript | UniProt | Mutations | Peptides |
|---|---|---|---|
| ENST00000344204 | O75962 | 1,727 | 1,203 |
| ENST00000509967 | F5H228* | 669 | 491 |
| ENST00000698541 | A0A8V8TLX5* | 2 | 2 |
Gene Properties
Recurrent Mutations
All 1203 amino-acid changes on canonical ENST00000344204 · needle height = samples · drag the mini-map to zoom
A lollipop / needle plot – the standard way to show recurrent mutations along a protein (as used by cBioPortal and MutationMapper).
X-axis = amino-acid position in the protein.
Needle height & head size = how often that exact amino-acid change was observed (its recurrence). Tall/large heads are mutational hotspots.
The most recurrent changes are labelled; hover any needle for the change, position and counts.
Mutation frequency across cancer types
% of samples with a missense/complex mutation in TRIO · cell line vs tissue
For each cancer type, the fraction of samples that carry at least one missense/complex mutation anywhere in TRIO – counted as distinct samples (a sample counts once no matter how many mutations it has).
Split into cell line and tissue; each cell shows mutated / total and the percentage. Cohorts with <20 samples are omitted. Ordered by combined frequency.
| Cancer type | Cell lines | Tissue samples |
|---|---|---|
| T-Lymphoblastic Leukemia | 11/40 28% | 0/0 0% |
| Endometrial Carcinoma | 18/42 43% | 61/612 10% |
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia | 7/90 8% | 0/0 0% |
| Oral Cavity Carcinoma | 4/54 7% | 0/0 0% |
| Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma | 40/304 13% | 73/1390 5% |
| Melanoma | 15/210 7% | 106/1899 6% |
| Other Solid Cancers | 7/94 7% | 81/1515 5% |
| Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma | 5/57 9% | 41/810 5% |
| Colorectal Carcinoma | 31/143 22% | 141/3239 4% |
| Gastric Carcinoma | 7/74 9% | 86/1809 5% |
| Plasma Cell Myeloma | 5/44 11% | 11/305 4% |
| Bladder Carcinoma | 4/58 7% | 42/956 4% |
| Cervical Carcinoma | 6/35 17% | 14/422 3% |
| T-Cell Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma | 1/26 4% | 0/0 0% |
| Neuroendocrine Tumour | 18/154 12% | 8/577 1% |
| Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 11/51 22% | 81/2550 3% |
| Mesothelioma | 6/62 10% | 1/165 1% |
| Glioblastoma | 3/98 3% | 0/0 0% |
| Thyroid Gland Carcinoma | 6/45 13% | 43/1592 3% |
| Biliary Tract Carcinoma | 1/54 2% | 28/950 3% |
| Head and Neck Carcinoma | 8/85 9% | 36/1574 2% |
| Germ Cell Tumour | 1/25 4% | 4/169 2% |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma | 5/46 11% | 52/2210 2% |
| Small Cell Lung Carcinoma | 0/9 0% | 19/752 3% |
| Esophageal Carcinoma | 1/23 4% | 18/769 2% |
| Other Sarcomas | 3/69 4% | 14/699 2% |
| Non-Cancerous | 3/104 3% | 17/830 2% |
| Retinoblastoma | 1/27 4% | 0/30 0% |
| Burkitts Lymphoma | 2/32 6% | 2/196 1% |
| Breast Carcinoma | 18/144 12% | 35/3264 1% |
Mutation Distribution
Where TRIO is mutated · all tissues, split by cell line vs tissue
How many mutations in TRIO were found in each tissue, across the whole database.
Each bar is a tissue (cell-line and tissue names are merged to the standard tissue), split into cell line and tissue (patient tumour) contributions.
This shows the cancer-context where this gene is recurrently altered.
GTEx Expression
Median TPM across 54 healthy tissues
Median gene expression (TPM) in normal, non-cancer human tissues from the GTEx project.
Useful for judging tumour specificity – a strong neoantigen target ideally comes from a gene with low expression in healthy tissues.
Scroll or drag the mini-axis below the chart to browse all tissues.
Mutations
All 2,398 mutations in TRIO
Every mutation record for this gene, across all samples and sources.
The Sample column links to the cell line (cell-line samples) or the tissue type (tissue samples).
Use the Type / Source filters, the search box, and column sorting to explore; each CAN-IMMUNE ID opens the full mutation & peptide view.
| ID | Sample | Transcript | AA Change | CDS | Type | Source | Mutant Peptide | Wild-type Peptide |
|---|