Stats by Source
Total, split by cell line (COSMIC CL / DepMap / PubMed) vs tissue (COSMIC primary tissue)
Total = all mutations for this gene across every source.
Cell line = COSMIC Cell Lines Project + DepMap + PubMed.
Tissue = COSMIC primary-tissue (patient tumour) samples.
Total can exceed cell line + tissue: COSMIC tissue-derived models sit only in global, and a peptide can be shared across both.
| Total | Cell line | Tissue | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mutations | 632 | 125 | 501 |
| Samples | 595 | 118 | 471 |
| Peptides | 410 | 74 | 351 |
Function
TYR · Tyrosinase
The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes the first 2 steps, and at least 1 subsequent step, in the conversion of tyrosine to melanin. The enzyme has both tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa oxidase catalytic activities, and requires copper for function. Mutations in this gene result in oculocutaneous albinism, and nonpathologic polymorphisms result in skin pigmentation variation. The human genome contains a pseudogene similar to the 3' half of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008].
Isoforms & Proteins
1 transcript · UniProt mapping is sequence-verified (AA-safe)
Each Ensembl transcript (ENST) this gene is mutated on, with its matched UniProt accession.
The mapping is sequence-verified: the UniProt sequence is identical to the transcript translation, so amino-acid positions line up exactly. A * marks an unreviewed (TrEMBL) entry.
Counts are mutations and unique mutant peptides on each transcript.
| Transcript | UniProt | Mutations | Peptides |
|---|---|---|---|
| ENST00000263321 | P14679 | 632 | 410 |
Gene Properties
Recurrent Mutations
All 410 amino-acid changes on canonical ENST00000263321 · needle height = samples · drag the mini-map to zoom
A lollipop / needle plot – the standard way to show recurrent mutations along a protein (as used by cBioPortal and MutationMapper).
X-axis = amino-acid position in the protein.
Needle height & head size = how often that exact amino-acid change was observed (its recurrence). Tall/large heads are mutational hotspots.
The most recurrent changes are labelled; hover any needle for the change, position and counts.
Mutation frequency across cancer types
% of samples with a missense/complex mutation in TYR · cell line vs tissue
For each cancer type, the fraction of samples that carry at least one missense/complex mutation anywhere in TYR – counted as distinct samples (a sample counts once no matter how many mutations it has).
Split into cell line and tissue; each cell shows mutated / total and the percentage. Cohorts with <20 samples are omitted. Ordered by combined frequency.
| Cancer type | Cell lines | Tissue samples |
|---|---|---|
| T-Lymphoblastic Leukemia | 7/40 18% | 0/0 0% |
| Oral Cavity Carcinoma | 3/54 6% | 0/0 0% |
| Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma | 19/304 6% | 51/1390 4% |
| Endometrial Carcinoma | 6/42 14% | 21/612 3% |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma | 0/33 0% | 8/171 5% |
| T-Cell Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma | 1/26 4% | 0/0 0% |
| Small Cell Lung Carcinoma | 1/9 11% | 24/752 3% |
| Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma | 4/57 7% | 20/810 2% |
| Neuroendocrine Tumour | 17/154 11% | 3/577 1% |
| Other Solid Cancers | 3/94 3% | 40/1515 3% |
| Unknown | 1/10 10% | 0/29 0% |
| Gastric Carcinoma | 4/74 5% | 41/1809 2% |
| Melanoma | 11/210 5% | 36/1899 2% |
| Esophageal Carcinoma | 0/23 0% | 15/769 2% |
| Cervical Carcinoma | 3/35 9% | 5/422 1% |
| Colorectal Carcinoma | 10/143 7% | 47/3239 1% |
| Germ Cell Tumour | 1/25 4% | 2/169 1% |
| Hodgkins Lymphoma | 0/16 0% | 2/122 2% |
| Bladder Carcinoma | 0/58 0% | 14/956 1% |
| Biliary Tract Carcinoma | 2/54 4% | 10/950 1% |
| Plasma Cell Myeloma | 0/44 0% | 4/305 1% |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma | 0/46 0% | 23/2210 1% |
| Glioblastoma | 1/98 1% | 0/0 0% |
| Osteosarcoma | 2/45 4% | 0/166 0% |
| Ovarian Carcinoma | 6/109 6% | 4/998 0% |
| Head and Neck Carcinoma | 0/85 0% | 15/1574 1% |
| Burkitts Lymphoma | 2/32 6% | 0/196 0% |
| Adrenocortical Carcinoma | 1/3 33% | 0/112 0% |
| Non-Cancerous | 2/104 2% | 6/830 1% |
| Meningioma | 1/3 33% | 1/252 0% |
Mutation Distribution
Where TYR is mutated · all tissues, split by cell line vs tissue
How many mutations in TYR were found in each tissue, across the whole database.
Each bar is a tissue (cell-line and tissue names are merged to the standard tissue), split into cell line and tissue (patient tumour) contributions.
This shows the cancer-context where this gene is recurrently altered.
GTEx Expression
Median TPM across 13 healthy tissues
Median gene expression (TPM) in normal, non-cancer human tissues from the GTEx project.
Useful for judging tumour specificity – a strong neoantigen target ideally comes from a gene with low expression in healthy tissues.
Scroll or drag the mini-axis below the chart to browse all tissues.
Mutations
All 632 mutations in TYR
Every mutation record for this gene, across all samples and sources.
The Sample column links to the cell line (cell-line samples) or the tissue type (tissue samples).
Use the Type / Source filters, the search box, and column sorting to explore; each CAN-IMMUNE ID opens the full mutation & peptide view.
| ID | Sample | Transcript | AA Change | CDS | Type | Source | Mutant Peptide | Wild-type Peptide |
|---|